Introduction: Traffic accidents are a principal challenge in the injury and death of people in Iran and many other countries, which has made the formulation of necessary strategies and planning for inter-sectoral COOPERATION to prevent and reduce traffic accidents undeniable. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the dimensions of inter-sectoral collaboration in preventing traffic accidents in Iran. Methods: This research is a qualitative study that was conducted in 2023. In this study, sampling was done in a targeted manner, and 15 people from the statistical population were interviewed. The statistical population of the research at this stage included executive managers, traffic police, field activists, and public institutions active in the field of traffic accidents in Central Province and Tehran, who, due to the relevance of their job field, were informed or participated in INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION in line with the management of accidents and traffic accidents were included in the study. Data were collected and analyzed through structured interviews, and their coding was done with the help of MAXQDA 11 software. Results: The study identified and extracted eight main dimensions of INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION in preventing traffic accidents. These dimensions include laws and law enforcement, research and development, information and data management, internal and external coordination, crisis management, education and awareness, roads, and vehicles. Conclusions: Providing platforms for promoting the development and expansion of inter-sectoral COOPERATION in accident prevention and traffic accidents can have various benefits, including long-term social, political, economic and, well-being. Therefore, based on the findings of the research, it is suggested to design an INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION model for the prevention of accidents and traffic accidents so that traffic accidents can be reduced to the minimum possible with proper planning and design so that we can witness the highest level of effectiveness and efficiency in this area.

The paper by Turner and colleagues is an inspiring take on how cross-sectoral collaboration can be accomplished, in the context of the jointly shared emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors review the experience of three cities in Columbia and their efforts to share knowledge and resources as well as coordinate responses to COVID-19 across governmental healthcare organizations, private sector institutions, and universities. Because these entities are typically thought to differ mission, incentives, and objectives, this careful examination of factors that enabled or impeded coordination generated novel insights that may be helpful in less urgent but still pressing healthcare needs in the future.

Nowadays there is a tendency to consider knowledge as a direct production input in analytical approaches. Investment in knowledge can increase the capacity of production inputs and since knowledge capital enjoys an increasing rate of return to scale it is considered as an effective factor in the long term economic growth. In the world, private enterprises carry the main burden of knowledge production and R & D expenditure; therefore, they only make an investment when they can benefit from its exclusive rights and protection of IPRs can provide the legal framework for the right holders to exclusively enjoy their intellectual rights. The main assumption of this paper is that protection of IPRs can improve the knowledge-based sectors of economy. Accordingly, using an input-output approach, the paper aims to investigate the economic effects of stimulating knowledge-based sectors on all other economic sectors in INTERSECTORAL interactions. In this paper, after reviewing the indicators of the economy of knowledge, knowledge based sectors were identified in Iran's economy and the relationship between these sectors and Iran's economic system was investigated. The study shows that in Iran's economy several Knowledge-based sectors have less flows on other general sectors and in most of the cases affecting the other sectors in the same groups and less on the other groups, in other words, it means that Knowledge and innovation will stimulate the same sectors in their group more than the other sectors.

Background: INTERSECTORAL action is often presented as essential in the promotion of population health and health equity. In Norway, national public health policies are based on the Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach that promotes whole-of-government responsibility. As part of the promotion of this INTERSECTORAL responsibility, planning is presented as a tool that every Norwegian municipality should use to integrate public health policies into their planning and management systems. Although research on implementing the HiAP approach is increasing, few studies apply a planning perspective. To address this gap in the literature, our study investigates how three Norwegian municipalities experience the use of planning as a tool when implementing the HiAP approach. Methods: To investigate planning practices in three Norwegian municipalities, we used a qualitative multiple case study design based on face-to-face interviews. When analysing and discussing the results, we used the dichotomy of instrumental and communicative planning approaches, in addition to a collaborative planning approach, as the theoretical framework. Results: The municipalities encounter several dilemmas when using planning as a tool for implementing the HiAP approach. Balancing the use of qualitative and quantitative knowledge and balancing the use of structural and processual procedures are two such dilemmas. Other dilemmas include balancing the use of power and balancing action and understanding in different municipal contexts. They are also faced with the dilemma of whether to place public health issues at the forefront or to present these issues in more general terms. Conclusion: We argue that the dilemmas experienced by the municipalities might be explained by the difficult task of combining instrumental and communicative planning approaches because the balance between them is seldom fixed.

The majority of modifiable health outcomes are attributable to factors that are outside the direct reach of the health systems and can only be reached through INTERSECTORAL actions. In recent years, Iran implemented a series of reforms in the health sector called Health Transformation Plan (HTP). This paper aimed to review health-related INTERSECTORAL actions in Iran that have focused on interventions conducted after HTP implementation and to compare the interventions against the recommendations by World Health Organization (WHO) Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Findings showed that INTERSECTORAL governance interventions are the strongest points and have the most compatibility with the recommendations, while INTERSECTORAL environmental interventions are the weakest points. Also, many of the interventions have not yet been completely implemented. Moreover, continuity and sustainability of the policies and programs are still a concern.

Although the economic growth and development of societies have brought them dramatic improvements in various fields, but these achievements were at the expense of a growing environmental degradation. Investigating different national and international reports on the growth and development indicators of Iran reveals a growing trend, but at the expense of an accelerating environmental degradation. Given the importance of the environmental development process, this study investigated the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis considering INTERSECTORAL differences between the economic sectors of agriculture, industry and services in Iran during 1988-2012 and using panel mean group (PMG) approach to estimate the Co2 emission function. Results confirmed the existence of the EKC in long run period, though in the short run the structural differences between sectors played an effective roll on the environmental development process and on the existence of the EKC in Iran. Finally, due to the mentioned structural differences, some policy recommendations appropriate to each sector's special features were recommended.